Fix YouTube hammering, sync rate limiting, and Following load time

Sync throttling:
- sync-all now skips channels crawled within the last 6 hours (prevents
  re-scraping 1266 channels on every button press)
- Channels are queued into a single _index_channels_batch task that runs
  with 1.5s delay between each yt-dlp call instead of firing 1266
  background tasks simultaneously
- Startup enrich task reduced from 10 to 3 videos (3 yt-dlp calls on
  each container restart)
- Enrich task adds 2s sleep between metadata fetches

SQLite stability:
- busy_timeout=5000 prevents SQLITE_BUSY errors under concurrent load
- synchronous=NORMAL speeds up writes without data loss risk (safe with WAL)

Following page:
- staleTime: 60s on channels query so cached data is reused immediately
  on revisit; gcTime keeps it in memory for 5 min

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

backend/database.py

@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@ def set_sqlite_pragma(dbapi_conn, _):
     cursor = dbapi_conn.cursor()
     cursor.execute("PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL")
     cursor.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON")
+    cursor.execute("PRAGMA busy_timeout=5000")
+    cursor.execute("PRAGMA synchronous=NORMAL")
     cursor.close()
 
 

backend/main.py

@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ def on_startup():
     # Backfill descriptions for videos that don't have them yet (runs in background)
     import threading
     from .routers.channels import _enrich_missing_task
-    threading.Thread(target=_enrich_missing_task, args=(10,), daemon=True).start()
+    threading.Thread(target=_enrich_missing_task, args=(3,), daemon=True).start()
 
 
 @app.get("/api/health")

backend/routers/channels.py

@@ -105,6 +105,15 @@ def _get_channel_or_404(db: Session, channel_id: int) -> Channel:
     return c
 
 
+def _index_channels_batch(channel_ids: list[int], user_id: int, delay: float = 1.5):
+    """Run channel syncs sequentially with a polite delay between requests."""
+    import time
+    for i, cid in enumerate(channel_ids):
+        if i > 0:
+            time.sleep(delay)
+        _index_channel_task(cid, user_id)
+
+
 def _index_channel_task(channel_id: int, user_id: int):
     from ..database import SessionLocal
     db = SessionLocal()
@@ -224,7 +233,9 @@ def _enrich_missing_task(limit: int = 20):
             """),
             {"limit": limit},
         ).mappings().all()
-        for row in rows:
+        for i, row in enumerate(rows):
+            if i > 0:
+                import time; time.sleep(2)
             try:
                 meta = ytdlp.fetch_video_metadata(row["youtube_video_id"])
                 if meta:
@@ -278,22 +289,24 @@ def sync_all_channels(
     db: Session = Depends(get_db),
     current_user: User = Depends(get_current_user),
 ):
+    # Only sync channels not touched in the last 6 hours to avoid hammering YouTube
     channels = db.execute(
         text("""
             SELECT c.id FROM channels c
             JOIN user_channels uc ON c.id = uc.channel_id
             WHERE uc.user_id = :uid AND uc.status = 'followed'
+              AND (c.crawled_at IS NULL OR c.crawled_at < datetime('now', '-6 hours'))
+            ORDER BY COALESCE(c.crawled_at, '1970-01-01') ASC
         """),
         {"uid": current_user.id},
     ).mappings().all()
 
-    for row in channels:
-        background_tasks.add_task(_index_channel_task, row["id"], current_user.id)
-
     if channels:
+        ids = [row["id"] for row in channels]
+        background_tasks.add_task(_index_channels_batch, ids, current_user.id)
         background_tasks.add_task(_discovery_task, current_user.id)
 
-    background_tasks.add_task(_enrich_missing_task, 20)
+    background_tasks.add_task(_enrich_missing_task, 5)
 
     return {"indexing": len(channels)}
 

frontend/src/components/VideoCard.jsx

@@ -33,10 +33,8 @@ function IconBtn({ onClick, title, active, pending, children }) {
       onClick={(e) => { e.stopPropagation(); onClick(e); }}
       title={title}
       className={clsx(
-        "flex items-center justify-center w-6 h-6 rounded-full transition-all duration-150",
+        "flex items-center justify-center w-7 h-7 rounded-full transition-all duration-150",
-        active
+        active ? "text-accent" : "text-zinc-600 hover:text-zinc-200",
-          ? "text-accent"
-          : "text-zinc-600 hover:text-zinc-200",
         pending && "opacity-60 cursor-default",
       )}
     >
@@ -104,7 +102,6 @@ function ThumbnailBlock({ video, isWatched, duration, calmMode, onDismiss, class
         </div>
       )}
 
-      {/* Dismiss */}
       {video.is_recommended && !calmMode && (
         <button
           onClick={(e) => { e.stopPropagation(); onDismiss?.(); }}
@@ -117,35 +114,30 @@ function ThumbnailBlock({ video, isWatched, duration, calmMode, onDismiss, class
         </button>
       )}
 
-      {/* Duration */}
       {duration && (
-        <span className="absolute bottom-2 right-2 bg-black/75 text-white text-[10px] font-medium px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded-md font-mono tabular-nums">
+        <span className="absolute bottom-1.5 right-1.5 bg-black/80 text-white text-[10px] font-medium px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded font-mono tabular-nums">
           {duration}
         </span>
       )}
 
-      {/* Resolution */}
       {video.download_resolution && (
-        <span className="absolute bottom-2 left-2 text-[10px] font-medium px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded-md font-mono text-accent bg-black/75">
+        <span className="absolute bottom-1.5 left-1.5 text-[10px] font-medium px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded font-mono text-accent bg-black/75">
           {video.download_resolution}
         </span>
       )}
 
-      {/* Watched dot */}
       {isWatched && (
         <span className="absolute top-2 left-2 w-2 h-2 rounded-full bg-accent shadow-[0_0_6px_rgba(var(--color-accent-rgb),0.8)]" />
       )}
 
-      {/* Play hover overlay */}
+      <div className="absolute inset-0 bg-black/25 opacity-0 group-hover:opacity-100 transition-opacity flex items-center justify-center">
-      <div className="absolute inset-0 bg-black/30 opacity-0 group-hover:opacity-100 transition-opacity flex items-center justify-center">
+        <div className="w-10 h-10 rounded-full bg-white/15 backdrop-blur-sm flex items-center justify-center border border-white/20">
-        <div className="w-11 h-11 rounded-full bg-white/15 backdrop-blur-sm flex items-center justify-center border border-white/20">
           <svg className="w-5 h-5 text-white ml-0.5" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
             <path d="M8 5v14l11-7z" />
           </svg>
         </div>
       </div>
 
-      {/* Progress bar */}
       {video.watch_progress_seconds > 0 && video.duration_seconds > 0 && (
         <div className="absolute bottom-0 inset-x-0 h-[3px] bg-white/10">
           <div
@@ -176,13 +168,15 @@ export default function VideoCard({ video, size = "md", onDismiss, variant = "gr
     ? (Date.now() - new Date(channelMeta.last_published_at)) / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24) > 180
     : false;
 
+  const avatarUrl = video.channel_thumbnail_url ?? channelMeta?.thumbnail_url ?? null;
+  const avatarLetter = video.channel_name?.[0]?.toUpperCase() ?? "?";
+
   const internalId = video.id ?? video.local_video_id ?? null;
-  const isDownloaded = video.is_downloaded;
   const isWatched = video.is_watched;
   const duration = formatDuration(video.duration_seconds);
   const date = formatDate(video.published_at);
 
-  const [downloaded, setDownloaded] = useState(isDownloaded);
+  const [downloaded, setDownloaded] = useState(video.is_downloaded);
   const [queued, setQueued] = useState(video.queued ?? false);
   const [liked, setLiked] = useState(video.liked ?? false);
 
@@ -204,7 +198,7 @@ export default function VideoCard({ video, size = "md", onDismiss, variant = "gr
   });
 
   const actions = (
-    <div className="flex items-center gap-0.5" onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}>
+    <div className="flex items-center gap-0" onClick={(e) => e.stopPropagation()}>
       <IconBtn onClick={() => navigate(`/watch/${video.youtube_video_id}`)} title="Watch">
         <svg className="w-3.5 h-3.5 ml-px" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
           <path d="M8 5v14l11-7z" />
@@ -251,40 +245,53 @@ export default function VideoCard({ video, size = "md", onDismiss, variant = "gr
     </div>
   );
 
-  // ── List variant ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // ── List variant ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
   if (variant === "list") {
     return (
       <div
         onClick={() => navigate(`/watch/${video.youtube_video_id}`)}
-        className="group flex gap-5 px-3 py-3.5 rounded-2xl cursor-pointer hover:bg-zinc-800/50 transition-colors duration-150"
+        className="group flex gap-3 sm:gap-4 px-2 sm:px-3 py-2 sm:py-3 rounded-xl cursor-pointer hover:bg-zinc-800/50 transition-colors duration-150"
       >
+        {/* Thumbnail — compact on mobile, wide on desktop */}
         <ThumbnailBlock
           video={video}
           isWatched={isWatched}
           duration={duration}
           calmMode={calmMode}
           onDismiss={() => dismissMut.mutate()}
-          className="w-56 sm:w-72 aspect-video rounded-xl shrink-0"
+          className="w-32 sm:w-60 md:w-72 aspect-video rounded-lg shrink-0"
         />
 
-        <div className="flex flex-col min-w-0 flex-1 py-0.5 gap-2">
+        <div className="flex flex-col min-w-0 flex-1 gap-1 sm:gap-1.5 py-px sm:py-0.5">
           {/* Title */}
-          <h3 className="font-semibold text-[15px] leading-snug text-zinc-50 line-clamp-2">
+          <h3 className="font-semibold text-[12px] sm:text-[14px] leading-snug text-zinc-50 line-clamp-2">
             {video.title}
           </h3>
 
-          {/* Channel · date · badges */}
+          {/* Channel row */}
-          <div className="flex items-center gap-2 flex-wrap">
+          <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5 min-w-0 flex-wrap">
-            <span className="text-[12px] text-zinc-400 truncate">{video.channel_name}</span>
+            {avatarUrl && (
-            {date && <span className="text-zinc-700 text-[12px]">·</span>}
+              <img src={avatarUrl} alt="" className="hidden sm:block w-4 h-4 rounded-full object-cover shrink-0" />
-            {date && <span className="text-[12px] text-zinc-600 shrink-0">{date}</span>}
+            )}
+            <span className="text-[10px] sm:text-[11px] text-zinc-400 truncate">{video.channel_name}</span>
+            {date && (
+              <>
+                <span className="text-zinc-700 text-[10px]">·</span>
+                <span className="text-[10px] sm:text-[11px] text-zinc-500 shrink-0">{date}</span>
+              </>
+            )}
+          </div>
+
+          {/* Views + badges */}
+          <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5 flex-wrap text-[10px] text-zinc-600">
+            {video.view_count > 0 && <span>{formatViews(video.view_count)}</span>}
             {video.is_recommended && !calmMode && (
-              <span className="text-[10px] font-semibold tracking-wide text-indigo-400 bg-indigo-950/60 px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded-full">
+              <span className="text-indigo-400 bg-indigo-950/60 px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded-full font-semibold tracking-wide text-[9px]">
                 Discover
               </span>
             )}
             {isDormant && !calmMode && (
-              <span title="No uploads in 6+ months" className="text-[10px] text-zinc-700 tracking-widest">zzz</span>
+              <span title="No uploads in 6+ months" className="text-zinc-700 tracking-widest text-[9px]">zzz</span>
             )}
             {channelNote && (
               <span title={channelNote} className="text-zinc-700 hover:text-zinc-400 transition-colors cursor-default">
@@ -295,17 +302,15 @@ export default function VideoCard({ video, size = "md", onDismiss, variant = "gr
             )}
           </div>
 
-          {/* Description */}
+          {/* Description — desktop only, 2 lines max */}
-          {video.description ? (
+          {video.description && (
-            <p className="text-[12px] leading-relaxed text-zinc-500 line-clamp-3 flex-1">
+            <p className="hidden sm:block text-[11px] leading-relaxed text-zinc-500 line-clamp-2">
               {video.description.replace(/\n+/g, " ")}
             </p>
-          ) : (
-            <div className="flex-1" />
           )}
 
-          {/* Actions — fade in on hover */}
+          {/* Actions — always visible on mobile, fade on desktop */}
-          <div className="opacity-0 group-hover:opacity-100 pointer-events-none group-hover:pointer-events-auto transition-opacity duration-150 mt-auto">
+          <div className="mt-auto pt-1 sm:opacity-0 sm:pointer-events-none sm:group-hover:opacity-100 sm:group-hover:pointer-events-auto sm:transition-opacity sm:duration-150">
             {actions}
           </div>
         </div>
@@ -313,10 +318,7 @@ export default function VideoCard({ video, size = "md", onDismiss, variant = "gr
     );
   }
 
-  // ── Grid variant ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  // ── Grid variant ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-  const avatarUrl = video.channel_thumbnail_url ?? channelMeta?.thumbnail_url ?? null;
-  const avatarLetter = video.channel_name?.[0]?.toUpperCase() ?? "?";
-
   return (
     <div
       onClick={() => navigate(`/watch/${video.youtube_video_id}`)}
@@ -335,56 +337,62 @@ export default function VideoCard({ video, size = "md", onDismiss, variant = "gr
         className="aspect-video rounded-t-2xl overflow-hidden"
       />
 
-      <div className="flex gap-2.5 p-3 flex-1">
+      <div className="flex gap-2 sm:gap-2.5 p-2 sm:p-3 flex-1">
         {/* Channel avatar */}
-        <div className="shrink-0 mt-0.5" onClick={(e) => { e.stopPropagation(); navigate(`/channels/${video.channel_id}`); }}>
+        <div
+          className="shrink-0 mt-0.5"
+          onClick={(e) => { e.stopPropagation(); navigate(`/channels/${video.channel_id}`); }}
+        >
           {avatarUrl ? (
-            <img src={avatarUrl} alt="" className="w-8 h-8 rounded-full object-cover hover:ring-2 hover:ring-accent/50 transition-all" />
+            <img
+              src={avatarUrl}
+              alt=""
+              className="w-7 h-7 sm:w-8 sm:h-8 rounded-full object-cover hover:ring-2 hover:ring-accent/50 transition-all"
+            />
           ) : (
-            <div className="w-8 h-8 rounded-full bg-zinc-700 flex items-center justify-center text-xs font-bold text-zinc-400 hover:ring-2 hover:ring-accent/50 transition-all">
+            <div className="w-7 h-7 sm:w-8 sm:h-8 rounded-full bg-zinc-700 flex items-center justify-center text-[11px] font-bold text-zinc-400 hover:ring-2 hover:ring-accent/50 transition-all">
               {avatarLetter}
             </div>
           )}
         </div>
 
         {/* Text + actions */}
-        <div className="flex flex-col gap-1 min-w-0 flex-1">
+        <div className="flex flex-col gap-0.5 sm:gap-1 min-w-0 flex-1">
-          <p className="font-medium text-[13px] leading-snug text-zinc-50 line-clamp-2">
+          <p className="font-medium text-[12px] sm:text-[13px] leading-snug text-zinc-50 line-clamp-2">
             {video.title}
           </p>
 
-          <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5 flex-wrap">
+          <div className="flex items-center gap-1 flex-wrap">
-            <span className="text-[11px] text-zinc-500 truncate">{video.channel_name}</span>
+            <span className="text-[10px] sm:text-[11px] text-zinc-500 truncate">{video.channel_name}</span>
             {channelNote && (
-              <span title={channelNote} className="text-zinc-700 hover:text-zinc-400 transition-colors cursor-default">
+              <span title={channelNote} className="text-zinc-700 hover:text-zinc-400 transition-colors cursor-default shrink-0">
                 <svg className="w-2.5 h-2.5" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 24 24">
                   <path d="M3 5a2 2 0 012-2h14a2 2 0 012 2v14a2 2 0 01-2 2H5a2 2 0 01-2-2zm2 0v14h14V5zm2 3h10v2H7zm0 4h7v2H7z"/>
                 </svg>
               </span>
             )}
             {isDormant && !calmMode && (
-              <span title="No uploads in 6+ months" className="text-[9px] text-zinc-700 tracking-widest">zzz</span>
+              <span title="No uploads in 6+ months" className="text-[9px] text-zinc-700 tracking-widest shrink-0">zzz</span>
             )}
             {video.is_recommended && !calmMode && (
-              <span className="text-[10px] font-semibold tracking-wide text-indigo-400 bg-indigo-950/60 px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded-full">
+              <span className="text-[9px] font-semibold tracking-wide text-indigo-400 bg-indigo-950/60 px-1 py-px rounded-full shrink-0">
                 Discover
               </span>
             )}
           </div>
 
-          <div className="flex items-center gap-1.5 flex-wrap text-[11px] text-zinc-600">
+          <div className="flex items-center gap-1 flex-wrap text-[10px] text-zinc-600">
             {date && <span>{date}</span>}
-            {video.view_count > 0 && <><span>·</span><span>{formatViews(video.view_count)}</span></>}
+            {video.view_count > 0 && (
+              <>
+                <span>·</span>
+                <span>{formatViews(video.view_count)}</span>
+              </>
+            )}
           </div>
 
-          {video.description && (
+          {/* Actions — desktop hover only (touch users tap to watch) */}
-            <p className="hidden sm:block text-[11px] leading-relaxed text-zinc-500 line-clamp-2 mt-0.5">
+          <div className="mt-auto pt-1 opacity-0 group-hover:opacity-100 pointer-events-none group-hover:pointer-events-auto transition-opacity duration-150">
-              {video.description.replace(/\n+/g, " ")}
-            </p>
-          )}
-
-          {/* Actions — fade in on hover */}
-          <div className="mt-auto pt-1.5 opacity-0 group-hover:opacity-100 pointer-events-none group-hover:pointer-events-auto transition-opacity duration-150">
             {actions}
           </div>
         </div>

frontend/src/pages/Following.jsx

@@ -579,6 +579,8 @@ export default function Following() {
   const { data: channels = [], isLoading: loadingChannels } = useQuery({
     queryKey: ["channels"],
     queryFn: () => getChannels().then((r) => r.data),
+    staleTime: 60_000,
+    gcTime: 5 * 60_000,
   });
 
   const { data: appSettings } = useQuery({